{"id":650,"date":"2019-10-01T11:13:18","date_gmt":"2019-10-01T11:13:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/isgfm.com\/?p=650"},"modified":"2023-01-17T12:25:04","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T12:25:04","slug":"is-sagligi-ve-guvenliginin-turkiyedeki-tarihsel-gelisimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.isgfm.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/01\/is-sagligi-ve-guvenliginin-turkiyedeki-tarihsel-gelisimi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011finin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Tarihsel Geli\u015fimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011finin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Tarihsel Geli\u015fimi<\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insan\u0131 koruma hareketleri ise, 1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan \u201cDilaver Pa\u015fa Nizamnamesi\u201d ve onu izleyen \u201cMaadin Nizamnamesi\u201d (1869) ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. End\u00fcstri sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunun b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleriyle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ise Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan \u201cDilaver Pa\u015fa Nizamnamesi\u201dnde, Ere\u011fli ve Zonguldak k\u00f6m\u00fcr havzas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin dinlenme ve tatil zamanlar\u0131, bar\u0131nd\u0131rma yerleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri ve onlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli konular\u0131n ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1869 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201cMaadin Nizamnamesi\u201d ise, b\u00fct\u00fcn madenlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli h\u00fck\u00fcmleri d\u00fczenleyen bir mevzuatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Maadin Nizamnamesi, k\u00f6m\u00fcr madeni i\u015f kolunda, o devirde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan zorunlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve bu suretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ekonomik y\u00f6nlerinin yan\u0131nda insani y\u00f6nlerine de de\u011fer verilmesi vurgulanmak istenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

23 Nisan 1920\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin kuruldu\u011fu tarihten itibaren ise, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi olgusu da g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re, son derece modern h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan, Ere\u011fli Havza-i Fahmiyesi Maden Amelesinin Hukukuna M\u00fcteallik Kanun (Ere\u011fli K\u00f6m\u00fcr Havzas\u0131 Maden \u0130\u015f\u00e7isinin Hukukuna \u0130li\u015fkin 151 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun), Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019nin en yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1921 tarihinde, Sakarya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra, 8 Haziran 1936 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 3008 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu i\u00e7erisinde de, temel i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonraki konjonkt\u00fcrde, sanayile\u015fmenin daha yo\u011fun ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 so\u011fuk sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda ise, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin \u00f6n s\u0131ralarda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 931 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu i\u00e7erisinde ilk defa modern h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle yer alan disiplin, bu Kanunun Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan \u015fekil y\u00f6n\u00fcnden iptal edilmesinden sonra, 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 1475 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu i\u00e7erisinde de ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131\u2019da, 150-200 y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015fanan end\u00fcstri devriminin bir nebze olsun yakalanabilmesi i\u00e7in, sanayile\u015fmenin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1970, 80 ve 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ise, 1475 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan t\u00fcz\u00fck ve y\u00f6netmelikler, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi alan\u0131n\u0131n gereksinimlerine belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde cevap verebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ancak, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131 ve 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte, teknolojinin, t\u00fcm sanayi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n, end\u00fcstri ili\u015fkilerinin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mevzuat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir h\u0131zla ilerledi\u011fi ve de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin, Aral\u0131k-1999\u2019daki zirvesinde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye adayl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tan\u0131nmas\u0131yla birlikte, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu Kanunun i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, belki birka\u00e7 madde d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, aynen 1475 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019ndan aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanununa g\u00f6re \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken y\u00f6netmelikler, Avrupa Birli\u011finin 89\/391\/EEC say\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve direktifine ve di\u011fer bireysel direktiflere g\u00f6re uyumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve 2003 y\u0131l\u0131 ile 2004 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde art arda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

29 Haziran 2012 tarihinde 6331 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Kanunu\u2019nun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak 1 Ocak 2013 tarihinden itibaren uygulamaya konmas\u0131 ve akabinde y\u00f6netmeliklerinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00fclkemizde i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi mevzuat\u0131 modern h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak, uygulamada daha fazla mesafenin kat edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>